Locational Border Dispute
Border, boundary, or territorial disputes arise from the claim and counterclaim over land, freshwater, minerals, etc by the bordering countries. They often erupt from encroachment, geopolitical rivalry, locational confusion among others. There are numerous boundary conflicts across the globe. Which of the following boundary disputes focus on legal language of the boundary agreement? A) definitional b) locational c) operational d) allocational e) argumental answer: a) definitional Please Don’t Close This Page Before Help Others For True Answer 1 Practice AP Human Geography Political Geography questions quizlet.com›115938081. Locational border dispute. Border moves usually through natural processes. Operational border dispute. Border is agreed on but passage across the border is a problem. India and Pakistan have been in dispute since the partition of 1947. India controls one state: Jammu and Kashmir (45% of Kashmir) Pakistan controls 3 areas: Azak Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan.
Political Morphology
The Heartland Theory
In the Heartland Theory, Halford Mackinder describes how the regions of the world that have managed to prosper due to maritime power exist on the “Rimland” (Britain, China, India) of the “World Island”. Eventually, he argues, the land power of the “Heartland” (Russia, Central Asia) will overpower the maritime power of the “Rimland”.
Types of Nations
Compact : The distance from the center to the boundaries of the state is fairly similar
Ex: Poland
Prorupt : The state has a region that extends from a compact main region
Ex : Thailand
Elongated : The state is long and narrow and usually leads to problems with connectivity
Ex : Chile
Fragmented : The states consists of numerous different pieces of territory
Ex : Indonesia
Perforated : The state has one or more other states entirely within the confines of its borders
Ex : South Africa
Exclave : A state with another discontinuous piece of territory
Ex : United States
Enclave : A state wholly surrounded by another state
Ex : Lesotho
Border Creation
Geometric Borders
Based on a grid system, usually drawn out before any large settlements are made or land is expressly surveyed.
Ex : Canada & the US west of the great lakes, US State borders West of the Mississippi river.
Physical-Political Borders
Based on an agreed upon border that usually has historical context.
Ex : The United States and Mexican border along the Rio Grande River, the border between Kentucky & Ohio on the Ohio River.
Boundaries
Border Making Process
Define : A treaty is established to define the extent of a nation’s territory.
Delimit : The actually borders are drawn out on a map.
Demarcate : The states place markers and reminders of where the borders are.
Administrate : The states maintain the border and oversee what can goes between the states.
Boundary Disputes
Allocational : A dispute over how the resources around the boundary should be used
Ex : Oil fields between Kuwait and Iraq
Locational : A dispute over where the boundary actually is
Ex : India, China, and Pakistan all fighting over who controls Kashmir
Definitional : A dispute in how the boundary is expressed in a treaty
Ex : Israel and Palestine refusing to acknowledge the borders of either nation
Operational :
Ex : The US maintaining a strict border control policy to keep people from immigrating illegally from Mexico, while Mexico does nothing to halt emmigration.
Border dispute (1960–64) Ogaden War (1977–78) 1982 Border War. War in Somalia (2006–09) The Ethiopian–Somali conflict is a territorial and political dispute between the territories of present-day Ethiopia and Somalia. Lasting from the late 1940s, when the Ogaden region was handed over to Ethiopia by the British, into the present day, the tensions culminated in three wars and numerous military clashes alongside the borders.
Locational Boundary Dispute Definition
- Possible Misconceptions
- Locational & Definitional Boundaries are the same
- A locational boundary dispute would have an actual dispute over who controls what and where the borders end and begin, a definitional boundary dispute is within the treaty and would detail who controls what in this example. 'The border between the Eastern and Western America (fictional states) lies along the Mississippi river, however, the Mississippi River doesn't go all the North through Minnesota, so a definitional dispute arises over who controls what north of the Mississippi.'
- The US/Canada border west of The Great Lakes is a physical-political boundary
- Even though this border is marked by a physical feature (The Great Lakes), the border is a straight line based on a grid and does not follow any physical feature so it is a geometric border.